Social Protection is a critical mechanism for reducing poverty and inequality, enhancing human capital and promoting inclusive growth. Social Protection has evolved in Nigeria. The early initiatives were largely adhoc and fragmented, focusing on speci?c groups such as civil servants or the elderly and sectors such as health and education. But over the years, there is a gradual shift towards a more comprehensive and integrated approach.

However, there are a lot of gaps. Nigeria can bene?t from an inclusive and sustainable Social Protection Programme. This Policy brief makes a case for an inclusive and sustainable social protection programme in Nigeria. But ?rst, we explicate the concept of social protection and imperative of social protection in Nigeria.