This research publication presents a comprehensive policy analysis of Nigeria’s underperforming solid mineral sector, with focused case studies in Ebonyi, Ekiti, and Taraba States. Conducted by Centre LSD in partnership with NODAC Consulting and supported by OSIWA, the report investigates institutional gaps, fiscal misalignments, and governance failures affecting the development of Nigeria’s vast mineral resources. Despite Nigeria’s mineral wealth, the study reveals that the sector remains largely informal and contributes less than 1% to national GDP. The report documents how weak regulatory oversight, poor infrastructure, insecure mining zones, and revenue leakages have hindered meaningful development. It also exposes the disconnect between federal and state governments, confusion over fiscal responsibilities, and the adverse effects of unregulated artisanal mining—including environmental degradation and child labour. Through community-level research and field assessments, the study uncovers how host communities are often left without development benefits, and how Community Development Agreements (CDAs) are either non-existent or poorly enforced. It also identifies critical obstacles such as overlapping taxes, inadequate geological data, and lack of access to markets and processing facilities. Importantly, the report offers actionable policy recommendations. These include formalizing artisanal mining, empowering state governments with clearer roles, creating centralized mineral buying centres, enforcing environmental regulations, and enhancing transparency through real-time revenue tracking systems. This publication is a vital resource for policymakers, civil society actors, investors, and development partners committed to turning Nigeria’s mineral potential into a source of inclusive growth, economic diversification, and sustainable development.