This research report is a groundbreaking exploration of decolonisation and anti-racism in Nigeria, offering a robust framework for understanding how historical legacies continue to shape contemporary development practices. Commissioned by Christian Aid Nigeria and developed by Centre LSD, the report interrogates the lingering effects of colonialism on social structures, governance, education, identity, and development planning.

Combining literature review, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, the study reveals that while most Nigerians do not face overt racism domestically, the deeper structures of colonialism—economic dependency, cultural alienation, and epistemological subjugation—continue to impact national development. The report critically examines colonial legacies in Nigeria’s political, social, and economic systems, linking them to ongoing poverty, environmental degradation, educational inequalities, and cultural erasure.

Key themes include the importance of indigenising social work and development practices, the role of faith-based organisations in decolonial advocacy, and the intersection of race, gender, and social inclusion in achieving justice. The study emphasizes reclaiming African identity through education reform, economic self-reliance, culturally sensitive governance, and localised development strategies.

Recommendations include promoting indigenous knowledge systems, supporting gender-responsive decolonial policies, fostering interfaith collaboration, and challenging global power asymmetries in aid and development partnerships.

This report is an essential resource for policymakers, practitioners, development partners, and educators seeking to reshape Nigeria’s—and Africa’s—development trajectory through a lens of justice, dignity, and equity.